Data: 2023 USDA zones (PRISM/OSU) · NOAA 1991–2020 normals · updated

Planting zone for 14101 — Machias, NY

ZIP code 14101 (Machias, Cattaraugus County) is in USDA zone 5b: the coldest winter night averages −15 to −10 °F. The median last spring frost is May 14 and the first fall frost October 6.

Where ZIP 14101 is

Outlined: the ZIP code area · tap the map for the zone at any spot · scroll or pinch to zoom

Not the official USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Zones come from the 2023 USDA hardiness-zone data by the PRISM Group, Oregon State University; we re-mapped and recolored them. The official map is at planthardiness.ars.usda.gov.

Zone5b−15 to −10 °F
Coldest night−26.1 to −23.3 °C
Last frostMay 14
First frostOct 6
2012 zone5a

Was 5a on the 2012 map — half a zone warmer now. The zone is the one at the center of the ZIP code; hilly ZIPs can span two zones. What zone 5b means →

Frost forecast — next 7 nights

live from the National Weather Service

Loading the forecast for Machias, NY…

Forecast data: National Weather Service (api.weather.gov), public domain. This is not a warning service — for official frost and freeze warnings see weather.gov.

Frost dates in Machias, NY

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Blue: frost possible · fading green: frost risk falling or rising (90% → 10%) · green: frost-free
Last spring frostMay 14median — 50% chance of a later frost
Safe for tender plantsMay 30only 10% chance of frost after
First fall frostOctober 6median — 10% chance by Sep 23
Growing season144 daysfrost-free, median

A hard freeze (28 °F) usually ends around May 2 and returns around October 19.

From the NOAA station Franklinville, NY — 6 miles away, elevation 1,591 ft. NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020, 32 °F threshold. Low spots and valleys can freeze later in spring than the station.

When to plant vegetables in 14101

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
PeasSow outdoors · Apr 2 – Apr 16
SpinachSow outdoors · Apr 2 – Apr 23
Broccoli, cabbageStart indoors · Mar 5 – Mar 19
Broccoli, cabbageTransplant · Apr 23 – May 7
Onion setsPlant outdoors · Apr 16 – Apr 30
PotatoesPlant outdoors · Apr 23 – May 7
LettuceSow outdoors · Apr 16 – Apr 30
Carrots, beetsSow outdoors · Apr 23 – May 7
TomatoesStart indoors · Mar 19 – Apr 2
TomatoesTransplant · May 21 – Jun 4
Peppers, eggplantStart indoors · Mar 5 – Mar 19
Peppers, eggplantTransplant · May 28 – Jun 11
BeansSow outdoors · May 21 – Jun 4
Sweet cornSow outdoors · May 21 – Jun 4
Cucumbers, squashSow outdoors · May 21 – Jun 4
Fall lettuce, spinachSow outdoors · Aug 11 – Aug 25
GarlicPlant cloves · Sep 22 – Oct 27
Start seeds indoorsSow or plant outdoorsFall plantingMedian last & first frost

Counted from the median last spring frost (May 14) and first fall frost (Oct 6) with the rules of thumb U.S. extension services publish. Cool-season crops take a light frost; warm-season crops do best once the soil is above about 60 °F.

When spring arrived in 2026

In 2026, spring leaf-out near 14101 came on Apr 10 — 8 days earlier than the 1991–2020 average (Apr 18).

JanFebMarAprMayJun

The Spring Index marks the day when accumulated warmth is enough for lilac and honeysuckle to leaf out — a widely used signal that the growing season has started. Source: USA National Phenology Network, www.usanpn.org — Spring Indices, first leaf, 2026 (data as of 2026-09-08) and 30-year average 1991–2020 (CC BY 4.0).

Native plants for zone 5b in New York

609 plants native to the lower 48 states, recorded in New York, and rated by the USDA to survive −15 °F or colder — the bottom of zone 5b. Each links to its USDA PLANTS profile.

Trees 75

American basswood100 ft · blooms late spring · low shade tolerance · to −46 °FAmerican beech80 ft · blooms mid spring · low shade tolerance · to −44 °FAmerican chestnut115 ft · blooms early summer · high shade tolerance · to −33 °FAmerican elm120 ft · blooms early spring · medium shade tolerance · to −46 °FAmerican sycamore100 ft · blooms spring · medium shade tolerance · to −34 °Farborvitae50 ft · blooms mid spring · medium shade tolerance · to −33 °F

Shrubs 120

alderleaf buckthorn3 ft · blooms late spring · low shade tolerance · to −33 °FAllegheny serviceberry35 ft · blooms early spring · low shade tolerance · to −38 °Falternateleaf dogwood25 ft · blooms mid spring · low shade tolerance · to −47 °FAmerican black currant3 ft · blooms early spring · to −46 °FAmerican hazelnut10 ft · blooms spring · medium shade tolerance · to −33 °FAmerican holly40 ft · blooms mid spring · low shade tolerance · to −20 °F

Wildflowers & perennials 208

alkali buttercup1 ft · blooms late spring · low shade tolerance · to −38 °FAmerican bur-reed3 ft · blooms indeterminate · medium shade tolerance · to −33 °FAmerican eelgrass1 ft · blooms mid summer · high shade tolerance · to −33 °FAmerican licorice4 ft · blooms late spring · medium shade tolerance · to −38 °FAmerican lotus3 ft · blooms mid summer · high shade tolerance · to −36 °FAmerican pokeweed7 ft · blooms mid summer · low shade tolerance · to −33 °F

Grasses 185

alkali sacaton3 ft · blooms mid summer · high shade tolerance · to −38 °FAmerican beachgrass2.5 ft · blooms spring · high shade tolerance · to −28 °Farctic brome3 ft · blooms early summer · low shade tolerance · to −33 °Fawlfruit sedge4 ft · blooms mid spring · low shade tolerance · to −38 °FBailey's sedge2.1 ft · blooms late spring · low shade tolerance · to −33 °Fbeaked sedge4 ft · blooms late spring · low shade tolerance · to −38 °F

Vines 7

American bittersweet15 ft · blooms spring · low shade tolerance · to −38 °Fdevil's darning needles15 ft · blooms mid summer · medium shade tolerance · to −38 °Ffrost grape83 ft · blooms late spring · medium shade tolerance · to −23 °Friverbank grape45 ft · blooms late spring · medium shade tolerance · to −33 °Fsummer grape30 ft · blooms late spring · low shade tolerance · to −23 °Ftrumpet honeysuckle16 ft · blooms late summer · low shade tolerance · to −33 °F

Source: USDA, NRCS. 2026. The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov), National Plant Data Team — state distribution, native status and the “Temperature, Minimum” characteristic. Check light, moisture and soil needs before buying; local nurseries and your state native plant society can confirm what thrives in Machias, NY.

Soil in Machias, NY

The soil mapped at the center of ZIP 14101 is Canandaigua — mucky silt loam, very poorly drained.

TextureMucky silt loama good balance for most vegetables
pH6.5neutral; most vegetables like 6.0–7.0
DrainageVery poorly drainedconsider raised beds
Organic matter15%high
Hydrologic groupC/Dslow when drained; wet otherwise
Farmland classNot prime farmlandUSDA classification

Map unit: Canandaigua mucky silt loam.

Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database, via Soil Data Access, accessed 2026-10-29. The soil at the center point of ZIP 14101; soils change within a few hundred feet, so a home soil test (pH, nutrients) is still the best guide.

Climate in Machias, NY

Summer high79 °Faverage high, July
Winter low13 °Faverage low, February
Hot days1days a year at 90 °F or more
Freezing nights169nights a year at 32 °F or less
Growing degree days2,129base 50 °F — the season’s usable heat
Longest day15 h 17 mindaylight on June 21
Shortest day9 h 04 mindaylight on December 21
Onions to growLong-daysummer days reach 15+ hours, enough for long-day varieties (intermediate types work too)
Precipitation44.6 inper year, rain and melted snow
Snowfall109 inper year; 95 days with snow on the ground

Average high and low, by month

0°10°20°30°40°50°60°70°80°90°32 °FJanuary: average high 31 °F, low 14 °F 31°14° JanFebruary: average high 33 °F, low 13 °F 33°13° FebMarch: average high 41 °F, low 20 °F 41°20° MarApril: average high 55 °F, low 32 °F 55°32° AprMay: average high 67 °F, low 43 °F 67°43° MayJune: average high 75 °F, low 52 °F 75°52° JunJuly: average high 79 °F, low 56 °F 79°56° JulAugust: average high 78 °F, low 55 °F 78°55° AugSeptember: average high 71 °F, low 48 °F 71°48° SepOctober: average high 59 °F, low 38 °F 59°38° OctNovember: average high 47 °F, low 29 °F 47°29° NovDecember: average high 36 °F, low 21 °F 36°21° Dec

Precipitation by month inches · ❄ = snowfall

0″1″2″3″4″5″January: 3.33 in precipitation, 29.8 in snowfall 3.3❄30 JanFebruary: 2.49 in precipitation, 21.5 in snowfall 2.5❄22 FebMarch: 2.98 in precipitation, 17.1 in snowfall 3.0❄17 MarApril: 3.46 in precipitation, 3.9 in snowfall 3.5❄4 AprMay: 3.81 in precipitation 3.8 MayJune: 4.13 in precipitation 4.1 JunJuly: 4.59 in precipitation 4.6 JulAugust: 4.00 in precipitation 4.0 AugSeptember: 4.28 in precipitation 4.3 SepOctober: 4.28 in precipitation, 0.5 in snowfall 4.3❄1 OctNovember: 3.69 in precipitation, 11.9 in snowfall 3.7❄12 NovDecember: 3.55 in precipitation, 23.9 in snowfall 3.5❄24 Dec

NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 — temperature: Franklinville, NY (6 mi away); precipitation: Franklinville, NY (6 mi away). Daylight is calculated from latitude.

Nearby ZIP codes

1 of the 8 nearest ZIP codes are in a different zone — elevation and distance from water change winter lows quickly.

141715b
West Valley, NY · 6 mi
140425b
Delevan, NY · 6 mi
147375b
Franklinville, NY · 7 mi
147315b
Ellicottville, NY · 8 mi
141345b
Sardinia, NY · 10 mi
141735b
Yorkshire, NY · 10 mi
147296a
East Otto, NY · 11 mi
141335b
Sandusky, NY · 11 mi

New York planting zones →

Questions about 14101

What planting zone is ZIP code 14101?

ZIP code 14101 (Machias, NY) is in USDA hardiness zone 5b on the 2023 map: the coldest night of an average winter reaches −15 to −10 °F (−26.1 to −23.3 °C).

When is the last frost in Machias, NY?

The median last spring frost (32 °F) near 14101 is May 14; after May 30 there is only a 10% chance of frost. Data: NOAA 1991–2020 normals, Franklinville station.

When is the first frost in Machias, NY?

The median first fall frost near 14101 is October 6, giving a median frost-free growing season of 144 days.

When should I plant tomatoes in 14101?

Start tomato seeds indoors around Mar 19 – Apr 2 and set transplants outside around May 21 – Jun 4, one to three weeks after the median last frost.

How much rain and snow does 14101 get?

About 44.6 inches of precipitation a year and 109 inches of snowfall (NOAA 1991–2020 normals, Franklinville station).

How hot do summers get in Machias, NY?

The average high peaks at 79 °F in July, with about 1 days a year at 90 °F or more.

What kind of soil does 14101 have?

The USDA soil survey maps Canandaigua at the center of ZIP 14101: mucky silt loam, very poorly drained, pH about 6.5 (neutral).

Did spring come early in Machias, NY in 2026?

Spring leaf-out near 14101 came on Apr 10 in 2026, 8 days earlier than the 1991–2020 average (Apr 18), according to the USA National Phenology Network Spring Index.

What kind of onions grow in Machias, NY?

Long-day onions: the longest day near 14101 is 15 h 17 min, so summer days reach 15+ hours, enough for long-day varieties (intermediate types work too).

Did the zone for 14101 change?

Yes. The 2012 USDA map put 14101 in zone 5a; the 2023 map puts it in zone 5b. The newer map uses 1991–2020 data and more weather stations.