Data: 2023 USDA zones (PRISM/OSU) · NOAA 1991–2020 normals · updated

Planting zone for 55901 — Rochester, MN

ZIP code 55901 (Rochester, Olmsted County) is in USDA zone 4b: the coldest winter night averages −25 to −20 °F. The median last spring frost is May 12 and the first fall frost September 28.

Where ZIP 55901 is

Outlined: the ZIP code area · tap the map for the zone at any spot · scroll or pinch to zoom

Not the official USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Zones come from the 2023 USDA hardiness-zone data by the PRISM Group, Oregon State University; we re-mapped and recolored them. The official map is at planthardiness.ars.usda.gov.

Zone4b−25 to −20 °F
Coldest night−31.7 to −28.9 °C
Last frostMay 12
First frostSep 28
2012 zone4b

Same zone as on the 2012 map. The zone is the one at the center of the ZIP code; hilly ZIPs can span two zones. What zone 4b means →

Frost forecast — next 7 nights

live from the National Weather Service

Loading the forecast for Rochester, MN…

Forecast data: National Weather Service (api.weather.gov), public domain. This is not a warning service — for official frost and freeze warnings see weather.gov.

Frost dates in Rochester, MN

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Blue: frost possible · fading green: frost risk falling or rising (90% → 10%) · green: frost-free
Last spring frostMay 12median — 50% chance of a later frost
Safe for tender plantsMay 25only 10% chance of frost after
First fall frostSeptember 28median — 10% chance by Sep 14
Growing season139 daysfrost-free, median

A hard freeze (28 °F) usually ends around May 2 and returns around October 5.

From the NOAA station Byron 4north, MN — 7 miles away, elevation 1,040 ft. NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020, 32 °F threshold. Low spots and valleys can freeze later in spring than the station.

When to plant vegetables in 55901

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
PeasSow outdoors · Mar 31 – Apr 14
SpinachSow outdoors · Mar 31 – Apr 21
Broccoli, cabbageStart indoors · Mar 3 – Mar 17
Broccoli, cabbageTransplant · Apr 21 – May 5
Onion setsPlant outdoors · Apr 14 – Apr 28
PotatoesPlant outdoors · Apr 21 – May 5
LettuceSow outdoors · Apr 14 – Apr 28
Carrots, beetsSow outdoors · Apr 21 – May 5
TomatoesStart indoors · Mar 17 – Mar 31
TomatoesTransplant · May 19 – Jun 2
Peppers, eggplantStart indoors · Mar 3 – Mar 17
Peppers, eggplantTransplant · May 26 – Jun 9
BeansSow outdoors · May 19 – Jun 2
Sweet cornSow outdoors · May 19 – Jun 2
Cucumbers, squashSow outdoors · May 19 – Jun 2
Fall lettuce, spinachSow outdoors · Aug 3 – Aug 17
GarlicPlant cloves · Sep 14 – Oct 19
Start seeds indoorsSow or plant outdoorsFall plantingMedian last & first frost

Counted from the median last spring frost (May 12) and first fall frost (Sep 28) with the rules of thumb U.S. extension services publish. Cool-season crops take a light frost; warm-season crops do best once the soil is above about 60 °F.

When spring arrived in 2026

In 2026, spring leaf-out near 55901 came on Mar 30 — 18 days earlier than the 1991–2020 average (Apr 17).

JanFebMarAprMayJun

The Spring Index marks the day when accumulated warmth is enough for lilac and honeysuckle to leaf out — a widely used signal that the growing season has started. Source: USA National Phenology Network, www.usanpn.org — Spring Indices, first leaf, 2026 (data as of 2026-09-08) and 30-year average 1991–2020 (CC BY 4.0).

Native plants for zone 4b in Minnesota

497 plants native to the lower 48 states, recorded in Minnesota, and rated by the USDA to survive −25 °F or colder — the bottom of zone 4b. Each links to its USDA PLANTS profile.

Trees 47

American basswood100 ft · blooms late spring · low shade tolerance · to −46 °FAmerican beech80 ft · blooms mid spring · low shade tolerance · to −44 °FAmerican elm120 ft · blooms early spring · medium shade tolerance · to −46 °Farborvitae50 ft · blooms mid spring · medium shade tolerance · to −33 °Fbalsam fir60 ft · blooms mid summer · low shade tolerance · to −43 °Fbalsam poplar80 ft · blooms late spring · high shade tolerance · to −79 °F

Shrubs 88

alderleaf buckthorn3 ft · blooms late spring · low shade tolerance · to −33 °FAllegheny serviceberry35 ft · blooms early spring · low shade tolerance · to −38 °Falternateleaf dogwood25 ft · blooms mid spring · low shade tolerance · to −47 °FAmerican black currant3 ft · blooms early spring · to −46 °FAmerican hazelnut10 ft · blooms spring · medium shade tolerance · to −33 °FAmerican hornbeam30 ft · blooms mid spring · low shade tolerance · to −34 °F

Wildflowers & perennials 190

alkali buttercup1 ft · blooms late spring · low shade tolerance · to −38 °Falpine bistort1 ft · blooms mid spring · high shade tolerance · to −38 °FAmerican bur-reed3 ft · blooms indeterminate · medium shade tolerance · to −33 °FAmerican eelgrass1 ft · blooms mid summer · high shade tolerance · to −33 °FAmerican licorice4 ft · blooms late spring · medium shade tolerance · to −38 °FAmerican lotus3 ft · blooms mid summer · high shade tolerance · to −36 °F

Grasses 156

alkali cordgrass3 ft · blooms late summer · high shade tolerance · to −38 °FAmerican beachgrass2.5 ft · blooms spring · high shade tolerance · to −28 °Farctic brome3 ft · blooms early summer · low shade tolerance · to −33 °Fawlfruit sedge4 ft · blooms mid spring · low shade tolerance · to −38 °Fbasin wildrye5 ft · blooms early spring · high shade tolerance · to −43 °Fbeaked sedge4 ft · blooms late spring · low shade tolerance · to −38 °F

Vines 4

American bittersweet15 ft · blooms spring · low shade tolerance · to −38 °Fdevil's darning needles15 ft · blooms mid summer · medium shade tolerance · to −38 °Friverbank grape45 ft · blooms late spring · medium shade tolerance · to −33 °FVirginia creeper1 ft · blooms late spring · medium shade tolerance · to −28 °F

Source: USDA, NRCS. 2026. The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov), National Plant Data Team — state distribution, native status and the “Temperature, Minimum” characteristic. Check light, moisture and soil needs before buying; local nurseries and your state native plant society can confirm what thrives in Rochester, MN.

Soil in Rochester, MN

The soil mapped at the center of ZIP 55901 is Arenzville — silt loam, moderately well drained.

TextureSilt loama good balance for most vegetables
pH6.7neutral; most vegetables like 6.0–7.0
DrainageModerately well drainednatural drainage class
Organic matter2%moderate
Hydrologic groupBwater soaks in moderately
Farmland classprime farmlandUSDA classification

Map unit: Arenzville silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded.

Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database, via Soil Data Access, accessed 2026-10-29. The soil at the center point of ZIP 55901; soils change within a few hundred feet, so a home soil test (pH, nutrients) is still the best guide.

Climate in Rochester, MN

Summer high81 °Faverage high, July
Winter low4 °Faverage low, January
Hot days8days a year at 90 °F or more
Freezing nights176nights a year at 32 °F or less
Growing degree days2,272base 50 °F — the season’s usable heat
Longest day15 h 30 mindaylight on June 21
Shortest day8 h 52 mindaylight on December 21
Onions to growLong-daysummer days reach 15+ hours, enough for long-day varieties (intermediate types work too)
Precipitation37 inper year, rain and melted snow

Average high and low, by month

−10°0°10°20°30°40°50°60°70°80°90°32 °FJanuary: average high 23 °F, low 4 °F 23°4° JanFebruary: average high 27 °F, low 6 °F 27°6° FebMarch: average high 40 °F, low 20 °F 40°20° MarApril: average high 55 °F, low 32 °F 55°32° AprMay: average high 68 °F, low 44 °F 68°44° MayJune: average high 78 °F, low 55 °F 78°55° JunJuly: average high 81 °F, low 58 °F 81°58° JulAugust: average high 79 °F, low 55 °F 79°55° AugSeptember: average high 72 °F, low 47 °F 72°47° SepOctober: average high 58 °F, low 34 °F 58°34° OctNovember: average high 42 °F, low 23 °F 42°23° NovDecember: average high 28 °F, low 11 °F 28°11° Dec

Precipitation by month inches

0″1″2″3″4″5″6″January: 0.97 in precipitation 1.0 JanFebruary: 1.05 in precipitation 1.1 FebMarch: 2.05 in precipitation 2.0 MarApril: 3.52 in precipitation 3.5 AprMay: 4.66 in precipitation 4.7 MayJune: 5.35 in precipitation 5.3 JunJuly: 4.86 in precipitation 4.9 JulAugust: 4.84 in precipitation 4.8 AugSeptember: 4.04 in precipitation 4.0 SepOctober: 2.51 in precipitation 2.5 OctNovember: 1.87 in precipitation 1.9 NovDecember: 1.24 in precipitation 1.2 Dec

NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 — temperature: Byron 4north, MN (7 mi away); precipitation: Rochester 2.6 Ne, MN (4 mi away). Daylight is calculated from latitude.

Nearby ZIP codes

All 8 nearest ZIP codes share zone 4b.

559064b
Rochester, MN · 5 mi
559604b
Oronoco, MN · 5 mi
559034b
Rochester, MN · 5 mi
559024b
Rochester, MN · 7 mi
559204b
Byron, MN · 8 mi
559044b
Rochester, MN · 10 mi
559324b
Elgin, MN · 11 mi
559634b
Pine Island, MN · 11 mi

All 5 ZIP codes in Rochester → · Minnesota planting zones →

Questions about 55901

What planting zone is ZIP code 55901?

ZIP code 55901 (Rochester, MN) is in USDA hardiness zone 4b on the 2023 map: the coldest night of an average winter reaches −25 to −20 °F (−31.7 to −28.9 °C).

When is the last frost in Rochester, MN?

The median last spring frost (32 °F) near 55901 is May 12; after May 25 there is only a 10% chance of frost. Data: NOAA 1991–2020 normals, Byron 4north station.

When is the first frost in Rochester, MN?

The median first fall frost near 55901 is September 28, giving a median frost-free growing season of 139 days.

When should I plant tomatoes in 55901?

Start tomato seeds indoors around Mar 17 – Mar 31 and set transplants outside around May 19 – Jun 2, one to three weeks after the median last frost.

How much rain and snow does 55901 get?

About 37 inches of precipitation a year (NOAA 1991–2020 normals, Rochester 2.6 Ne station).

How hot do summers get in Rochester, MN?

The average high peaks at 81 °F in July, with about 8 days a year at 90 °F or more.

What kind of soil does 55901 have?

The USDA soil survey maps Arenzville at the center of ZIP 55901: silt loam, moderately well drained, pH about 6.7 (neutral).

Did spring come early in Rochester, MN in 2026?

Spring leaf-out near 55901 came on Mar 30 in 2026, 18 days earlier than the 1991–2020 average (Apr 17), according to the USA National Phenology Network Spring Index.

What kind of onions grow in Rochester, MN?

Long-day onions: the longest day near 55901 is 15 h 30 min, so summer days reach 15+ hours, enough for long-day varieties (intermediate types work too).